使用 AI 和机器学习使 TMS 变得更加智能,以提供准确的预测。目前正在使用的一些技术包括:物联网(IoT) 设备和传感器、数字助理、交货时间预测解决方案、运输规划解决方案、区块链等。智能交通系统(ITS)是从TMS发展而来的。一个能够根据给定的场景,使用安装在车辆上的设备生成的数据做出适当决定的系统被称为智能运输系统(ITS)。过去的研究表明,对ITS的综合方法包括运输基础设施和运输管理。ITS作为一种新型的TMS,已逐渐被自动化控制系统所取代。它们已经发展成为对危险情况的预测,并有可能利用大量复杂的数据作为决策工具。ITS还通过在动态环境下的自动数据收集影响了运输系统的高效运行[29]。 典型的 ITS 需要来自各种设备和传感器的输入数据。这些数据被远程监控和处理。从处理过的数据中得出的洞察力被认为是政府和企业做出决策的宝贵输入。这种系统方法通过反馈机制确保性能的持续改进。输入数据来自安装在交通管理基础设施、车辆和道路基础设施中的各种设备。管理部门监控数据并确保及时将数据传播给通勤者、司机和行人,从而使利益相关者受益。
本文汇总了 AI 构建ITS的能力和优势。该研究提出了一个包含 ITS 子系统的框架,这些子系统是根据其能力确定的。ITS 是识别运输行业潜在问题的重要工具之一,本研究为特定问题提出了解决方案。研究发现,机器学习算法主要用于预测交通拥堵和路线管理。一项针对采用人工智能克服交通问题的城市分析表明,大多数发达国家已经迅速采用了这些系统。这种采用需要相关公司和领导层的支持,因为它涉及最高管理层的投资和长期愿景。由于两个原因,一些组织和政府仍对采用犹豫不决——要么担心与人工智能采用相关的风险,要么在这些国家中采用技术能力较弱。据观察,发达国家正在采用与运输管理相关的技术。为了构建有效的 AI 应用程序,我们需要大量数据作为输入来处理文本、图像、视频和音频,以便做出适当的决定。该领域缺乏知识和人才仍然是推出适合该领域的更新解决方案的弱点。因此,人工智能在物流公司的应用成本大约是营业额的3-10%,这给采用人工智能造成了障碍。人工智能应用引发了许多伦理、社会、经济和法律问题。数据驱动的基于人工智能的应用程序存在网络安全和数据隐私问题,尤其是在自动驾驶汽车中。当面对生命对生命的情况时,了解全自动车辆中的人工智能算法与人类相比如何做出决策至关重要。Eurobarometer对自动驾驶系统进行的一项调查发现受访者对自动驾驶汽车运输货物感到非常满意,而不是乘坐此类车辆本身(Niestadt、Debyser、Scordamaglia 和 Pape,运输中的人工智能,2019 年)。缺乏明确的政策、对采用新技术的抵制、缺乏道德法规的建立,使得人工智能解决方案对许多组织来说难以捉摸。总的来说,人工智能能够为人类提供更好的旅行体验。进一步研究的范围由于本研究的概念性质,它可能缺乏在不同场景中的应用的普遍性。未来可以根据从运输行业的利益相关者那里收集的原始数据进行影响研究。一些研究问题可能是:行为研究——乘客对乘坐自动驾驶汽车的偏好与人类驾驶汽车相比,自运输行业采用人工智能以来,事故数量是否减少了?人工智能在运输行业的实施是否为企业带来了更好的投资回报率?人工智能是否确保提高运输行业的效率?政府监管机构在运输行业部署各种人工智能解决方案的作用和意义是什么?参考文献 [1]R. Abduljabbar, H. Dia, S. Liyanage, S.A. 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